Atomic Chemistry

Atom

The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. Theatomic nucleus contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons (except in the case of hydrogen-1, which is the only stable nuclide with no neutrons). The electrons of an atom are bound to the nucleus by the electromagnetic force. Likewise, a group of atoms can remain bound to each other by chemical bonds based on the same force, forming a molecule. An atom containing an equal number of protons and electrons is electrically neutral, otherwise it is positively or negatively charged and is known as an ion. An atom is classified according to the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus: the number of protons determines the chemical element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of the element.

Chemical atoms, which in science now carry the simple name of "atom," are minuscule objects with diameters of a few tenths of ananometer and tiny masses proportional to the volume implied by these dimensions. Atoms can only be observed individually using special instruments such as the scanning tunneling microscope. Over 99.94% of an atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleus,^{[note 1]}with protons and neutrons having roughly equal mass. Each element has at least one isotope with an unstable nucleus that can undergoradioactive decay. This can result in a transmutation that changes the number of protons or neutrons in a nucleus. Electrons that are bound to atoms possess a set of stable energy levels, or orbitals, and can undergo transitions between them by absorbing or emittingphotons that match the energy differences between the levels. The electrons determine the chemical properties of an element, and strongly influence an atom's magnetic properties. The principles of quantum mechanics have been successfully used to model the observed properties of the atom.

Atomic Mass

The atomic mass (m_a) is the mass of an atomic particle, sub-atomic particle, or molecule. It may be expressed in unified atomic mass units, which by International agreement is 1/12 mass of a single carbon-12 atom at rest. When expressed in such units, the atomic mass is called the relative isotopic mass (see section below).

The atomic mass of atomic particles is slightly less than the total mass of its constituting protons, neutrons, or electrons due to binding energy mass loss(as per E=mc²).

Molecule & Atom

Molecules & Atoms

A Molecule is smallest particle having all the basic properties of a pure substance.

The tiny constituents with which molecules are built are called atoms. 

How to create a logo in GIMP

This post is about 'how to create a LOGO in GIMP.

GIMP is a graphic software. GIMP stands for GNU Image Manipulation Program.

GIMP uses Raster Graphics.

To create a logo, Open GIMP.

Click on file menu.

Select the option Create.

From that click logos.

Select a suitable style.

Set Font, Size etc and click create.

Our Logo is created with GIMP. I mostly uses Photoshop, But this Blog is based with my school and they uses Linux. The profit of GIMP and Linux is that everything is free.

An Image Created with GIMP.

Mid-Latitude Region

Mild temperature and long cloudless summer is experienced. The winter is mild and comfortable. Trees shed leaves during autumn which falls before winter.

Red,Orange and Yellow leaves scatter all over the place like a bed.

The spring before summer is a pleasant one. Flowers bloom and birds make their nets in the branches during this period .A lot of grasslands are seen there.

Food & Crops

           Grapes,orange and lemon are the main fruits there .Wheat and barely are their main crops and Greece is well known for olive oil.

Temperature Zones

Equatorial Region

The main attraction of the equatorial region is thick dense forest where new buds blossom and leaves fall throughout the year. Because of this,these forests are known as evergreen forests.

People there experience heavy rain and hot summer. It usually rains in the afternoons throughout the year.Varieties of plants and animals are seen there. We can see mangroves and marshy lands in coastal regions.

  Food & Crops

      Rice is the main food item of people there, Spices like pepper,cardamom, coffee,tea,clove & tobacco are special among their crops.

Leap year

How is a Leap year formed ?

The Earth takes 365 days & 6 hours to complete one revolution , this period is considered as a year. We usually say that a year has 365 days.The remaining 6 hours has been considered as a day once in 4 years and that day is included in the month of February.In every 4th year February will have 29 days.This year is known as leap year 

                                    

Polar Regions

Most part of this counrty is covered with snow. We can  only spot a few trees and moses. The area which has heavy snow covered is called "Thundra". People there live in less snowy coastal regions. 6° is the normal temprature here. 7° is the highest temprature they get during summer.

Image Courtesy: BBC

Watch the Video below to know more about polar region and Polar Bear.
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Latitudes

Latitudes are drawn as angular measurement from the centre of the Earth. Each Latitude of the globe is drawn at specific angular distance. The 40° North latitude is drawn in this manner in the picture given below.

Latitudes are the angular distance from the south or north of the equator, considering the Earth's centre as a plane suface. Since we take the equator as the Basic latitude, it is being considered as 0° Latitude. All Latitudes are parallel to the Equator.

Next Post in Social will be about Polar Regions.